Field

Fields represent an individual section of a form containing an associated control and label, as well as any description or validation messages.

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Name

Your name will be visible on your profile.

'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Field } from '@base_ui/react/Field';
import { TextInput } from '@base_ui/react/TextInput';
import { styled } from '@mui/system';

export default function UnstyledFieldIntroduction() {
  return (
    <FieldRoot validate={(value) => (value === 'admin' ? 'Name not allowed' : null)}>
      <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 8 }}>
        <Field.Label>Name</Field.Label>
        <Input required pattern="[a-zA-Z0-9]+" />
      </div>
      <Field.Validity>
        {({ validity, value }) => {
          if (
            validity.valueMissing ||
            validity.patternMismatch ||
            value === 'admin'
          ) {
            return null;
          }

          return (
            <FieldDescription>
              Your name will be visible on your profile.
            </FieldDescription>
          );
        }}
      </Field.Validity>
      <FieldError match="customError" />
      <FieldError match="valueMissing" />
      <FieldError match="patternMismatch">
        Only alphanumeric characters are allowed (a-z, A-Z, 0-9).
      </FieldError>
    </FieldRoot>
  );
}

const FieldRoot = styled(Field.Root)`
  width: 275px;
`;

const Input = styled(TextInput)`
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  border-radius: 4px;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 6px;
  font-size: 100%;

  &[data-invalid] {
    border-color: red;
    background-color: rgb(255 0 0 / 0.1);
  }

  &:focus {
    outline: 0;
    border-color: #0078d4;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0 100 255 / 0.3);

    &[data-invalid] {
      border-color: red;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(255 0 0 / 0.3);
    }
  }
`;

const FieldDescription = styled(Field.Description)`
  font-size: 90%;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  margin-top: 4px;
  line-height: 1.1;
  color: grey;

  &[data-error] {
    color: red;
  }
`;

const FieldError = styled(Field.Error)`
  display: block;
  font-size: 90%;
  margin: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  margin-top: 4px;
  line-height: 1.1;
  color: red;
`;

Installation

Base UI components are all available as a single package.

npm install @base_ui/react

Once you have the package installed, import the component.

import { Field } from '@base_ui/react/Field';

Anatomy

Fields are implemented using a collection of related components:

<Field.Root /> is a top-level component that wraps all other components.
<Field.Control /> renders a control when not using a native Base UI input component.
<Field.Label /> renders a label for the control.
<Field.Description /> renders an optional description for the control to provide additional information.
<Field.Error /> renders error messages for the control.
<Field.Validity /> accepts a function as a child that enables reading raw ValidityState to render custom JSX.

<Field.Root>
  <Field.Control />
  <Field.Label />
  <Field.Description />
  <Field.Error />
  <Field.Validity />
</Field.Root>

Labeling and descriptive help text

All Base UI input components are aware of Base UI's Field component. The label and description are automatically wired to these components when placed inside a Field.Root:

<Field.Root>
  <Checkbox.Root>
    <Checkbox.Indicator />
  </Checkbox.Root>
  <Field.Label>My checkbox</Field.Label>
  <Field.Description>My description</Field.Description>
</Field.Root>

When using a custom component which is not aware of Base UI's Field, use Field.Control:

<Field.Root>
  <Field.Control />
  <Field.Label>My input</Field.Label>
  <Field.Description>My description</Field.Description>
</Field.Root>

The render prop allows you to pass a custom component or tag, different from the default of input:

<Field.Control render={<select />} />

Validation

When adding native HTML validation props like required or pattern, Field.Error renders error messages inside of it automatically:

<Field.Root>
  <Field.Label>My input</Field.Label>
  <Field.Control required />
  <Field.Error />
</Field.Root>

The children by default is the browser's native message, which is automatically internationalized. You may pass custom children instead:

<Field.Root>
  <Field.Control required />
  <Field.Error>Field is required</Field.Error>
</Field.Root>

Individual constraint validation failures

When there are multiple HTML validation props, you can target individual validity state failures using the match prop to render custom messages:

<Field.Root>
  <Field.Control required pattern="[a-zA-Z0-9]+" />
  <Field.Error match="valueMissing">Field is required</Field.Error>
  <Field.Error match="patternMismatch">Only alphanumeric characters allowed</Field.Error>
</Field.Root>

For the list of supported match strings, visit ValidityState on MDN.

In addition to the native HTML constraint validation, custom validation can be used by specifying a validate function on Field.Root. It receives the control's value as its argument, and returns an error string or array of error strings if the field is invalid, or null otherwise.

<Field.Root
  validate={(value) =>
    value === 'password' ? 'Cannot literally use `password` as your password.' : null
  }
>
  <Field.Control type="password" />
  <Field.Label>Password</Field.Label>
  <Field.Error />
</Field.Root>

For Base UI input components, value represents the component's value type, while for native elements, it is always the native element.value DOM property. Attach a ref to the Control element and access it to read its state inside the validate function for further control as an alternative if necessary.

To customize the rendering of multiple messages, you can use the Validity subcomponent:

<Field.Root
  validate={(value) => {
    const errors = [];
    if (value.length < 8) {
      errors.push('Password must be at least 8 characters long.');
    }
    if (value === 'password') {
      errors.push('Cannot literally use `password` as your password.');
    }
    return errors;
  }}
>
  <Field.Control type="password" />
  <Field.Label>Password</Field.Label>
  <Field.Error>
    <ul>
      <Field.Validity>
        {(state) => state.errors.map((error) => <li key={error}>{error}</li>)}
      </Field.Validity>
    </ul>
  </Field.Error>
</Field.Root>

The Validity subcomponent enables rendering custom JSX based on the state parameter, which contains the following properties:

state.validity, the field's ValidityState
state.errors, an array of custom errors returned from the validate prop (if present)
state.error, a custom error string returned from the validate prop (if present)
state.value, the field control's current value
state.initialValue, the field control's initial value upon mount

It can be placed anywhere inside Field.Root, including other Field subcomponents.

Controlled validity

When the invalid prop is applied to Field.Root, the Field is placed into an invalid state regardless of client-side validation. In this state, a given Field.Error message can be forced to be shown by specifying a forceShow prop.

This is useful for server-side error messages, or displaying errors initially during SSR phase.

const [serverErrors, setServerErrors] = React.useState({
  email: false,
});
 
return (
  <Field.Root invalid={serverErrors.email}>
    <Field.Control type="email" required />
    <Field.Error match="valueMissing">Client-side only error message</Field.Error>
    <Field.Error match="typeMismatch" forceShow={serverErrors.email}>
      Client + server-side error message
    </Field.Error>
    <Field.Error forceShow={serverErrors.email}>Server-side only message</Field.Error>
  </Field.Root>
);

The show prop is for client-side validation, while the forceShow prop is for server-side validation. Both can be combined together to share the same error message.

Performing an email validity check on the server:

'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Field } from '@base_ui/react/Field';
import { TextInput } from '@base_ui/react/TextInput';
import { styled } from '@mui/system';

type Status = 'initial' | 'loading' | 'success' | 'error';

export default function UnstyledFieldServerError() {
  const [error, setError] = React.useState(false);
  const [status, setStatus] = React.useState<Status>('initial');

  const controlRef = React.useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);

  async function handleSubmit(event: React.FormEvent<HTMLFormElement>) {
    event.preventDefault();

    if (error || !controlRef.current?.validity.valid) {
      return;
    }

    const formData = new FormData(event.currentTarget);
    const email = formData.get('email') as string;

    setStatus('loading');

    // Mimic a server request
    await new Promise((resolve) => {
      setTimeout(resolve, 1000);
    });

    if (email && email.endsWith('@example.com')) {
      setStatus('error');
      setError(true);
    } else {
      setStatus('success');
    }

    controlRef.current?.focus();
  }

  return (
    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} noValidate>
      <FieldRoot invalid={error} name="email">
        <Field.Label>Email address</Field.Label>
        <Input
          ref={controlRef}
          type="email"
          required
          onChange={() => {
            setStatus('initial');
            setError(false);
          }}
        />
        <Field.Validity>
          {(state) => (
            <FieldSubmit
              type="submit"
              aria-disabled={status === 'loading'}
              // The aria-description attribute is not a standard ARIA attribute (it's defined in ARIA 1.3 Editor's Draft).
              // eslint-disable-next-line jsx-a11y/aria-props
              aria-description={
                !state.validity.valid ? 'Field has errors' : undefined
              }
              onClick={(event) => {
                if (status === 'loading') {
                  event.preventDefault();
                }
              }}
            >
              {status === 'loading' ? 'Processing...' : 'Change email'}
            </FieldSubmit>
          )}
        </Field.Validity>
        <FieldError />
        <FieldError forceShow={error}>@example.com is not allowed</FieldError>
        {status === 'success' && (
          <FieldSuccess role="alert" aria-live="polite">
            Email changed successfully
          </FieldSuccess>
        )}
        <FieldDescription>
          On the client, standard email validation is performed. On the server, we
          check a blocklist of email domains: the blocked domain is @example.com.
        </FieldDescription>
      </FieldRoot>
    </form>
  );
}

const FieldRoot = styled(Field.Root)`
  width: 275px;
`;

const Input = styled(TextInput)`
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  border-radius: 4px;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 6px;
  font-size: 100%;

  &[data-invalid] {
    border-color: red;
    background-color: rgb(255 0 0 / 0.1);
  }

  &:focus {
    outline: 0;
    border-color: #0078d4;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0 100 255 / 0.3);

    &[data-invalid] {
      border-color: red;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(255 0 0 / 0.3);
    }
  }
`;

const FieldError = styled(Field.Error)`
  display: block;
  font-size: 90%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  margin-top: 10px;
  line-height: 1.1;

  &[data-dirty],
  &[data-touched] {
    color: red;
  }
`;

const FieldSuccess = styled(Field.Description)`
  font-size: 90%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: green;
`;

const FieldDescription = styled('p')`
  font-size: 90%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  margin-top: 10px;
  line-height: 1.1;
  color: grey;
`;

const FieldSubmit = styled('button')`
  display: block;
  margin-top: 10px;
  padding: 10px;
  width: 100%;
  font-size: 100%;
  background-color: #0078d4;
  color: white;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 4px;

  &[aria-disabled='true'] {
    background-color: #ddd;
    color: black;
  }
`;

Errors shown initially for password validation:

Password

Password must be at least 8 characters long.
Password must contain at least 2 uppercase letters.
Password must contain at least 2 unique symbols from the set [!@#$%^&*].

'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Field } from '@base_ui/react/Field';
import { TextInput } from '@base_ui/react/TextInput';
import { styled } from '@mui/system';

function validate(value: string) {
  const password = value;
  const errors: string[] = [];

  if (password.length < 8) {
    errors.push('Password must be at least 8 characters long.');
  }

  if ((password.match(/[A-Z]/g) ?? []).length < 2) {
    errors.push('Password must contain at least 2 uppercase letters.');
  }

  if ((password.match(/[!@#$%^&*]/g) ?? []).length < 2) {
    errors.push(
      'Password must contain at least 2 unique symbols from the set [!@#$%^&*].',
    );
  }

  return errors;
}

export default function UnstyledFieldPassword() {
  const [value, setValue] = React.useState('');
  const errors = validate(value);

  return (
    <FieldRoot invalid={errors.length > 0}>
      <Field.Label>Password</Field.Label>
      <Input
        type="password"
        value={value}
        onChange={(event) => setValue(event.currentTarget.value)}
      />
      <FieldError forceShow>
        <ul>
          {errors.map((error) => (
            <li key={error}>{error}</li>
          ))}
        </ul>
      </FieldError>
    </FieldRoot>
  );
}

const FieldRoot = styled(Field.Root)`
  width: 275px;
`;

const Input = styled(TextInput)`
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  border-radius: 4px;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 6px;
  font-size: 100%;

  &[data-valid][data-dirty] {
    border-color: green;
    background-color: rgb(0 255 0 / 0.1);
  }

  &[data-invalid][data-touched][data-dirty] {
    border-color: red;
    background-color: rgb(255 0 0 / 0.1);
  }

  &:focus {
    outline: 0;
    border-color: #0078d4;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0 100 255 / 0.3);

    &[data-valid][data-dirty] {
      border-color: green;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(100 200 100 / 0.3);
    }

    &[data-invalid][data-touched][data-dirty] {
      border-color: red;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(255 0 0 / 0.3);
    }
  }
`;

const FieldError = styled(Field.Error)`
  display: block;
  font-size: 90%;
  margin-top: 10px;
  line-height: 1.1;

  &[data-touched][data-dirty] {
    color: red;
  }

  ul {
    padding: 0;
  }
`;

Realtime and async validation

validationMode="onChange" reports the validity of the control on every change event instead of blur:

<Field.Root validationMode="onChange">

The validate function can also be async by returning a promise, enabling inline server-side validation through network requests.

In the demo below, the taken names are admin, root, and superuser — every other name is available. For demonstration purposes, a fake network request that takes 500ms is initiated to mimic a trip to the server to check for availability on the back-end.

Handle availability checker

Enter a name

'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Field } from '@base_ui/react/Field';
import { styled } from '@mui/system';

const cache = new Map<string, string | null>();

function checkAvailability(name: string) {
  const takenNames = ['admin', 'root', 'superuser'];
  return new Promise<string | null>((resolve) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      const result = takenNames.includes(name) ? 'Name taken' : null;
      cache.set(name, result);
      resolve(result);
    }, 500);
  });
}

export default function UnstyledFieldAsync() {
  const [loading, setLoading] = React.useState(false);

  async function handleValidate(value: unknown) {
    const name = value as string;

    if (name === '') {
      return null;
    }

    const isCached = cache.has(name);
    if (isCached) {
      return cache.get(name) as string | null;
    }

    setLoading(true);

    try {
      const error = await checkAvailability(name);
      setLoading(false);
      return error;
    } catch {
      setLoading(false);
      return 'Failed to fetch name availability';
    }
  }

  return (
    <div>
      <h3>Handle availability checker</h3>
      <FieldRoot
        validate={handleValidate}
        validationMode="onChange"
        validationDebounceTime={300}
      >
        <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 8 }}>
          <Field.Label>@</Field.Label>
          <Field.Validity>
            {(state) => (
              <FieldControl
                data-pending={state.value === '' || loading || undefined}
              />
            )}
          </Field.Validity>
        </div>
        <Field.Validity>
          {(state) => {
            if (loading) {
              return <FieldDescription>Checking availability...</FieldDescription>;
            }

            if (!state.value) {
              return <FieldDescription>Enter a name</FieldDescription>;
            }

            if (!state.validity.customError) {
              return (
                <FieldDescription
                  data-type="success"
                  role="alert"
                  aria-live="polite"
                >
                  <strong>@{state.value as string}</strong> is available
                </FieldDescription>
              );
            }

            return <FieldError match="customError" />;
          }}
        </Field.Validity>
      </FieldRoot>
    </div>
  );
}

const FieldRoot = styled(Field.Root)`
  width: 275px;
`;

const FieldControl = styled(Field.Control)`
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  border-radius: 4px;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 6px;
  font-size: 100%;

  &[data-invalid]:not([data-pending]) {
    border-color: red;
    background-color: rgb(255 0 0 / 0.1);
  }

  &[data-valid]:not([data-pending]) {
    border-color: green;
    background-color: rgb(0 255 0 / 0.1);
  }

  &:focus {
    outline: 0;
    border-color: #0078d4;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0 100 255 / 0.3);

    &[data-invalid]:not([data-pending]) {
      border-color: red;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(255 0 0 / 0.3);
    }

    &[data-valid]:not([data-pending]) {
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(100 200 100 / 0.3);
    }
  }
`;

const FieldDescription = styled(Field.Description)`
  font-size: 90%;
  margin: 0;
  margin-top: 4px;
  line-height: 1.1;
  color: grey;

  &[data-type='success'] {
    color: green;
  }
`;

const FieldError = styled(Field.Error)`
  display: block;
  font-size: 90%;
  margin: 0;
  margin-top: 4px;
  line-height: 1.1;
  color: red;
`;

The onChange validation is debounced by 500ms to avoid firing a network request on every keystroke by specifying the validationDebounceTime prop:

<Field.Root validationMode="onChange" validationDebounceTime={500}>

Styling

The [data-valid] and [data-invalid] style hooks determine if the field is valid or not:

<Field.Root>
  <Field.Control required className="FieldControl" />
</Field.Root>

.FieldControl[data-invalid] {
  color: red;
}

[data-touched] is applied if the field has been "touched": blurred after being interacted with, or submitted if pressing Enter on an input.

.FieldControl[data-touched] {
  color: red;
}

[data-dirty] is applied if the field's value has been changed from its initial one.

.FieldControl[data-dirty] {
  color: orange;
}

API Reference

FieldRoot

The foundation for building custom-styled fields.

Prop	Type	Default	Description
`className`	`union`		Class names applied to the element or a function that returns them based on the component's state.
`disabled`	`bool`	`false`	Whether the field is disabled. Takes precedence over the `disabled` prop of the `Field.Control` component.
`invalid`	`bool`		Determines if the field is forcefully marked as invalid.
`name`	`string`		The field's name. Takes precedence over the `name` prop of the `Field.Control` component.
`render`	`union`		A function to customize rendering of the component.
`validate`	`func`		Function to custom-validate the field's value. Return a string or array of strings with error messages if the value is invalid, or `null` if the value is valid. The function can also return a promise that resolves to a string, array of strings, or `null`.
`validationDebounceTime`	`number`	`0`	The debounce time in milliseconds for the `validate` function in `onChange` phase.
`validationMode`	`enum`	`'onBlur'`	Determines when validation should be triggered.

FieldLabel

A label for the field's control.

Prop	Type	Default	Description
`className`	`union`		Class names applied to the element or a function that returns them based on the component's state.
`render`	`union`		A function to customize rendering of the component.

FieldDescription

A description message for the field's control.

Prop	Type	Default	Description
`className`	`union`		Class names applied to the element or a function that returns them based on the component's state.
`render`	`union`		A function to customize rendering of the component.

FieldError

Displays error messages for the field's control.

Prop	Type	Description
`className`	`union`	Class names applied to the element or a function that returns them based on the component's state.
`forceShow`	`bool`	Determines whether the error message should be shown regardless of the field's client validity.
`match`	`enum`	Determines whether the error message should be shown when it matches a given property of the field's `ValidityState`.
`render`	`union`	A function to customize rendering of the component.

FieldControl

The field's control element. This is not necessary to use when using a native Base UI input component (Checkbox, Switch, NumberField, Slider, Radio Group etc).

Prop	Type	Description
`className`	`union`	Class names applied to the element or a function that returns them based on the component's state.
`onValueChange`	`func`	Callback fired when the `value` changes. Use when controlled.
`render`	`union`	A function to customize rendering of the component.

FieldValidity

Render prop component that provides the field's validity state and value to its children.

Prop	Type	Default	Description

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